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1 microwave amplification by stimulated emission
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > microwave amplification by stimulated emission
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2 microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
English-german dictionary > microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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3 microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
1) Общая лексика: квантовый усилитель, мазер2) Военный термин: микроволновое усиление с помощью индуцированного излучения3) Техника: квантовый генератор, молекулярный генераторУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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4 microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
• maserEnglish-Finnish dictionary > microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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5 microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
maserEnglish-Polish dictionary for engineers > microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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6 MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiatio
Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiatio
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7 maser microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
maser, wzmacnianie mikrofal przez stymulowaną emisję promieniowaniaEnglish-Polish dictionary for engineers > maser microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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8 maser microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
maser wzmacnianie mikrofal przez stymulowaną emisję promieniowaniaEnglish-Polish dictionary of Electronics and Computer Science > maser microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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9 MASE
microwave amplification by stimulated emission - усиление в СВЧ-диапазоне индуцированным излучением -
10 maser
microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation - мазер; молекулярный генератор; квантовый генератор -
11 gas maser
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12 Maiman, Theodore Harold
[br]b. 11 July 1927 Los Angeles, California, USA[br]American physicist who developed the laser.[br]The son of an electrical engineer, Theodore H. Maiman graduated with the degree of BS in engineering physics from the University of Colorado in 1949. He then went on to do postgraduate work at Stanford University, where he gained an MS in electrical engineering in 1951 and a PhD in physics in 1955 for work on spectroscopy using microwave-optical techniques. He then joined the Hughes Research Laboratories, where he worked on the stimulated emission of microwave energy. In this field Charles H. Townes had developed the maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) and in a paper in 1958 with Arthur L. Schawlow he had suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies, or, of an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Maiman was the first to achieve this when in May 1960 he operated a ruby laser and coherent light was produced for the first time. In 1962 he founded his own company, Korad Corporation, for research, development and manufacture of high-power lasers. He founded Maiman Associates in 1968, acting as consultant on lasers and optics. He was a co-founder of the Laser Video Corporation in 1972, and in 1976 he became Vice-President for advanced technology at TRW Electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1962. American Electrical Society/American Astronautical Society Award 1965. American Physical Society Oliver E.Buckley Solid State Physics Prize 1966. Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Award for Applied Physical Science 1966. American Optical Society R.W.Wood Prize 1976.Bibliography1980, entry in McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 2, New York, pp. 271–2 (autobiographical).RTSBiographical history of technology > Maiman, Theodore Harold
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13 Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
[br]b. 5 May 1921 Mount Vernon, New York, USA[br]American physicist involved in laser-spectroscopy research.[br]When Arthur L.Schawlow was 3 years old his family moved to Canada: it was in Toronto that he received his education, graduating from the University of Toronto with a BA in physics in 1941. He was awarded an MA in 1942, taught classes for military personnel at the University until 1944 and worked for a year on radar equipment. He returned to the University of Toronto in 1945 to carry out research on optical spectroscopy and received his PhD in 1949. From 1949 to 1951 he held a postgraduate fellowship at Columbia University, where he worked with Charles H. Townes on microwave spectroscopy. From 1951 to 1961 he was a research physicist at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, working mainly on superconductivity, but he maintained his association with Townes, who had pioneered the maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In a paper published in Physical Review in December 1958, Townes and Schawlow suggested the possibility of a development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). In 1960 the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman. In 1960 Schawlow returned to Columbia University as a visiting professor and in the following year was appointed Professor of Physics at Stanford University, where he continued his researches in laser spectroscopy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Physical Society, the Optical Society of America and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1981. Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1962. Institute of Physics of London Thomas Young Medal and Prize 1963. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Memorial Prize 1964. Optical Society of America Frederick Ives Medal 1976. Honorary degrees from the State University of Ghent, the University of Bradford and the University of Toronto.BibliographySchawlow is the author of many scientific papers and, with Charles H.Townes, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 930–3 (contains a short biography).RTSBiographical history of technology > Schawlow, Arthur Leonard
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14 Townes, Charles Hard
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA[br]American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.[br]Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.BibliographyTownes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, ofMicrowave Spectroscopy (1955).1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).Further ReadingT.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).RTS -
15 MASER
1) Военный термин: microwave amplification by simulated emission of radiation2) Сокращение: microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation3) Космонавтика: Materials Science Experiment Rockets programme (Sweden) -
16 maser
1) Военный термин: microwave amplification by simulated emission of radiation2) Сокращение: microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation3) Космонавтика: Materials Science Experiment Rockets programme (Sweden) -
17 maser
maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) Maser m (Verstärkung von Mikrowellen durch induzierte Emission von Strahlung)English-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > maser
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18 MASER
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19 maser
сокр. от microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiationмазер, квантовый генератор СВЧ-диапазона-
all-nuclear maser
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ammonia-beam maser
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ammonia maser
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beam-type maser
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beam maser
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cavity maser
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continuously operable maser
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coupled-cavity maser
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cyclotron-resonance maser
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cyclotron maser
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F-center maser
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field-swept maser
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gas maser
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gas-cell maser
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gaseous maser
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hydrogen maser
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iron-sapphire maser
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laser-pumped maser
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light maser
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light-excited maser
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light-pumped maser
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magnetic-resonance maser
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master maser
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molecular beam maser
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multimode maser
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nuclear magnetic resonance maser
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opposed-beam maser
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optical maser
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optically pumped maser
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orbitron maser
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pulsed maser
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push-pull maser
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reflection-type maser
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reflection maser
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ruby maser
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saturated maser
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solid-state maser
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spin-flip maser
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superregenerative maser
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three-level maser
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transmission maser
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traveling-wave maser
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tuned maser
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two-level maser
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Zeeman maser -
20 MASE
1) Техника: microwave amplification by stimulated emission3) Сокращение: Multi-Axis Seat Ejection4) Вычислительная техника: Message Administration Service Element
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См. также в других словарях:
MASER — microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation * * * ma·ser mā zər n a device that utilizes the natural oscillations of atoms or molecules between energy levels for generating electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region of the… … Medical dictionary
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MASER — Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation … Acronyms von A bis Z
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Maser — For other uses, see Maser (disambiguation). A hydrogen radio frequency discharge, the first element inside a hydrogen maser (see description below) A maser is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification by… … Wikipedia
Population inversion — In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, a population inversion occurs when a system (such as a group of atoms or molecules) exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower energy states. The concept is of fundamental… … Wikipedia
MASER — Le mot «maser» (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ) signifie amplification de micro ondes par émission induite de rayonnement. Les masers présentent un très grand intérêt historique. Celui à ammoniac, réalisé par Charles … Encyclopédie Universelle
Megamaser — A megamaser is a type of astrophysical maser, which is a naturally occurring source of stimulated spectral line emission. Megamasers are distinguished from astrophysical masers by their large isotropic luminosity. Megamasers produce roughly 103… … Wikipedia
maser — /may zeuhr/, n. a device for amplifying electromagnetic waves by stimulated emission of radiation. Cf. laser. [1950 55; m(icrowave) a(mplification by) s(timulated) e(mission of) r(adiation)] * * * Device that produces and amplifies… … Universalium
